Great Expectations Symbolism Essay - 809 Words

The names of the characters in the story Great Expectations symbolize who they are and how they act. In Great Expectations there is a great deal of symbolism throughout the book as there is in life. There are symbols of isolation, manipulation, and wanting to be something else. These are all seen in the book through the characters of Estella, Abel Magwitch, Miss Havisham, Pip, and Biddy. Estella symbolizes isolation and manipulates men to break their hearts. Her name means â€Å"star† and she is bright and beautiful like a star, however she is distant and cold like one too. Like a start, men love to gaze upon her, but can not touch her. In the story Estella tells pip that she has no heart, no sympathy, and no sentiment. (chapter 29) Estella†¦show more content†¦Throughout the book Pip was not happy with his life and wanted to become something more; his name meant â€Å"seed†, like a seed Pip was â€Å"planted† and the reader watches him grow. Estella tol d Pip that he was just a common-labouring boy. (chapter 8) Pip had never thought as himself as common, but now he wanted to become a gentleman so that he would be worthy of Estella. However once Pip becomes a gentleman he realizes that it is not what he thought it would be. Consequently he starts to neglect Joe and Biddy, however in the end, Pip starts to change back to the person he used to be and tries to repair his relationship with Joe and Biddy. In addition he gives his money to Herbert so that he can go to merchant school and Herbert ends up giving Pip a job in the end. This shows that you gain from giving, if Pip would not have gave Herbert the money he would not have gotten the job offer. Biddy is the voice of Pips conscience and encourages Pip to become a better man all through the story. Biddy’s name suggests â€Å"biddable† someone who does what she is asked, so when she was asked to come stay with Pip and Joe as a result of Mrs. Joe’s attacking,she did. She and Pip became great friends and eventually Biddy falls in love with Pip, however Pip is in love with Estella and can not get over her. Even though Pip knows BiddyShow MoreRelatedHavisham Essay935 Words   |  4 PagesHavisham essay. ‘Miss Havisham’ is a bitter and twisted character from the novel ‘Great Expectations’ by Charles Dickens. Carol Ann Duffy takes this character and explores her tragic life in the poem ‘Havisham’. Duffy uses Dark themes, structure, symbolism and other poetic techniques to express Havisham’s hatred for men after her tragic wedding when she was rejected by her fiancà ©. Duffy’s use of these poetic techniques create a sinister character and makes Havisham feel real to the reader. Read Morebutterfly circus1458 Words   |  6 Pagesoneself. It is a wonderful reflection of the themes of good and evil, man vs. man, man vs. himself and hope conquers all. It can be viewed as a religious film but need not be. If you believe in yourself, you will be saved. Synopsis During the Great Depression, the Showman of a renowned circus starring those with unique abilities, rather than those with oddities, takes his troupe on the road. The barren American landscape reflects the loss of soul. The extreme poverty is filmed with a surrealRead MoreThe Struggle for Equality and Identity in Ralph Ellisons Battle Royal915 Words   |  4 Pages[Goldstein-Shirlet, 1999]. He is given an opportunity to give a speech to some of the more prestigious white individuals. His expectations of being received in a positive and normal environment are drastically dashed when he is faced with the severity of the process he must deal with in order to accomplish his task. The continuing theme of Battle Royal is that of a struggle for one’s rights against great odds. Instances of this struggle are found throughout the story. Ellison highlights the vastness of the problemsRead MoreAnalysis Of Champion Of The World By Maya Angelou849 Words   |  4 PagesSymbolism and Ch ange in Sports Throughout the years, sports have become a major part of society. Sports, a large percentage of the time, are a part of peoples’ lives in one way or another. Whether they participate in them or just enjoy watching them, sports are a big deal to the majority of people. There are also some individuals who have redefined the expectations when it comes to certain sports. For instance, Babe Ruth redefined the way people think about baseball, or Michael Jordan completelyRead MoreThe Tone and Style of Ralph Ellisons Battle Royal Essay963 Words   |  4 Pagesstruggle for equality and identity. The narrator of the story is an above average youth of the African American community [Goldstein-Shirlet, 1999]. He is given an opportunity to give a speech to some of the more prestigious white individuals. His expectations of being received in a positive and normal environment are drastically dashed when he is faced with the severity of the process he must deal with in order to accomplish h is task. Analysis: The recurrent theme of Battle Royal is that of aRead MoreThe Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night Time Analysis Essay1664 Words   |  7 Pagesanalysis essay. The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night time, a novel written by English novelist Mark Haddon is a novel that revolves around the adventure of Christopher Boone and his effort to solve the mystery of the murder of Wellington. The novel presents the theme of difference by the use of traditional narrative conventions. The conventions includes characterization of Christopher,the use of language in the novel, the unusual layout or structure of the novel and the use of symbolism to simplifyRead MoreThe Awakening By Kate Chopin1563 Words   |  7 Pagesnovel, there are a few distinct types of awakenings; from her awakening to herself as an artist, realizing that she can have her own opinion over what kind of music she liked, and the most important, Edna realized her life was unfulfilling. In my essay I will be comparing th e stages Edna went through and the symbolic elements and images that tie Edna’s world and blooming awakening to make it more meaningful to the reader. The main symbolic factors in the story are represented by birds, houses, andRead MoreThemes in James Joyces Araby Essay667 Words   |  3 Pagesanguish and anger. (Joyce 392). The last line says a lot about the story and the complexity of his feelings. However, the fact that he realized he was acting foolishly, showed that he was maturing from an innocent young child, into a man( Sample Essays Analyzing James Joyces Short Story-Araby). The last theme of the story and probably the most important is God and religion. To better understand the complexity of the story you have to know the historical content of Dublin at the time the narrativeRead MoreThe Common Core State Standards1282 Words   |  6 Pagesincludes ELA classrooms, but content classrooms, as well. The proposal of informational text, Gewertz (2012) stated, â€Å"includes literary nonfiction, as well as historical documents, scientific journals, technical manuals, biographies, autobiographies, essays, speeches and information displayed in charts, graphs, or maps, digitally or in print† (p. 11). Students will also be expected to read and comprehend text that increases in complexity. Johns (2012) expressed that the CCSS, â€Å"expect students at theRead MoreGuilt and Corruption in Great Expectations1598 Words   |  7 PagesGuilt and Corruption in Great Expectations The Victorian era is often cited as England’s golden age; however, beneath the trappings of silk and gold lay a society of greed and corruption. The rich lived a lifestyle of luxury and indulgence by exploiting the labor of the poor. Charles Dickens saw the injustice of the class system in Victorian society and worked to highlight the immorality of the upper class through his literature. Because Dickens himself had experienced both poverty and wealth,

The Problem Of Same Sex Marriage Essay - 893 Words

2. I chose: â€Å"Record-High 60% of Americans Support Same-Sex Marriage† as my survey to discuss. How does your opinion compare with the random Americans surveyed? I am in agreement with 60% of Americans. I see the act of disallowing same-sex marriage as discrimination and I cannot see any merit in the arguments against it. Why do you think your ideas are similar or different based on how you were socialized? All things considered, my immediate family is not in any way traditional. We tend to go against the grain. There is a bit of prejudice in the older generations, but never so much that a person is devalued. I feel like it has always been okay to left of center and outside the box and that has allowed me to be more accepting of others. 3. http://www.nationalgeographic.com/geosurvey/templates/question_1.html Which of the following ranges contains the correct population of the United States today? Between 150 million and 350 million Which of the following ranges contains the correct population of the United States today? Christianity The Taliban and al Qaeda movements were both based in which country? Afghanistan Which of the following organizations endorses the euro as the common currency for its members? The European Union Which region of the world is currently the largest exporter of oil? The Middle East Which two countries have had a longstanding conflict over the region of Kashmir? India Pakistan Periodically, drastic changes in ocean temperature causeShow MoreRelatedThe Problem Of Same Sex Marriage2309 Words   |  10 PagesFrom Brave’s Merida with her curly hair, to The Hunger Games’ Katniss, characters in media have shaped the way I see myself. The same is true for everyone, but it’s a lot more difficult for minority groups to see themselves in the characters on TV, as well as in books, movies, and music. The LGBTQ+ community is seeing this issue very clearly now that same-sex marriage is legal across the United States. For people who are not members of the LGBTQ+ community, it is not as difficult to find charactersRead MoreShould Same Sex Marriage Be Made Legal? Australia?1035 Words   |  5 PagesShould same-sex marriage be made legal in Australia? Should same-sex marriage be made legal in Australia? This is something you and I have heard in recent years come up time and again in the media and private conversations. But why is this an issue? We need to understand why this is even an issue. Let’s talk about what is a marriage. Society’s perspective of marriage is that it is a permanent, social, legal contract between two people who have mutual rights between the two people that are agreedRead MoreShould Same Sex Marriage Be Legalized?945 Words   |  4 PagesEveryday there are new changes that are happening in our country which will affect today’s society. Over the years same sex marriage became a massive confrontation among the world. There were sixteen states that ban same-sex marriage some by constitutional amendment, some by law, and the majority by both. Majority of the people absolutely did not want this awful law passed in America. Everybody know the right thing to do and this was not an appropriate law to be passed. â€Å"The Catholic Church, UnitedRead MoreShould Same-Sex Marriage Be Legalized in Hong Kong?1095 Words   |  5 PagesShould same-sex marriage be legalized in Hong Kong? In recent years, more homosexual people have come out to disclose their sexual orientation. Gays and lesbians may even feel pride and have higher self-esteem instead of having shame. People in Hong Kong generally are more open-minded now. There is no legal recognition of same-sex marriage in Hong Kong. In many countries or regions, the legalization of same-sex marriage is already implemented. Therefore, some may say that same-sex marriage shouldRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Disagreement1101 Words   |  5 PagesSame Sex Marriage Disagreement The definition of marriage is the state of being united to a person of the opposite sex as husband or wife in a consensual and contractual relationship recognized by law (Merriam-Webster). This dignified act is under constant threat by lesbian and gay couples protesting for equal rights in marriage. Same sex marriage should be prohibited in the United States because the act will evoke multitudes of problems that will be impossible to manage. The plentiful list of argumentsRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1311 Words   |  6 PagesGetter: Apparently Gay marriage will destroy the institution of marriage but countless divorced heterosexual marriages, celebrity marriages that can hardly last over 2 weeks are not? How can gay marriage possibly destroy a institution that is already failing? Pros and cons: Many argue that allowing homosexuals to wed will go against there religious beliefs, but not allowing them to marry is a huge violation of rights protected by the Constitution. Stance: Same sex marriage should be legal, it isRead More Should gay marriages be legalized? Essay1504 Words   |  7 Pages Should same sex marriages be legal? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Same-sex marriages have been very controversial since becoming an issue in Canada regarding the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Several people state that same-sex marriages should be legal, while others disagree, saying it should not be permitted. There have been many debates and inquiries about this issue for several years; the MP’s and Parliament will finally settle the problem within the next year or so. Many are in favourRead MoreThe Issue Of Same Sex Marriage Essay1677 Words   |  7 PagesEqual marriage has always been a contentious issue in society. The legalisation of same sex marriage in New Zealand in August 2013 via the Marriage (Definition of Marriage) Amendment Act has been a source of pride for those in some parts of our society and a source of horror for those in other parts. This issue split the country, and those in power, right down the middle, with some people taking sides that didn’t necessarily align with what woul d be expected of their political leanings. The issueRead MoreShould Same Sex Marriage Be Legalized? Essay1509 Words   |  7 Pagesconstantly is legalizing same sex marriage. Since same sex marriage has become a popular topic that everyone has to deal with, it has provoked many problems around the world. People have different aspects stating that gay marriage has pros and cons. Fortunately, even though everyone constantly can not stop talking about gay marriage, it keeps spreading throughout the world and causes more problems day after day. In an article titled Supreme Court rules in Favor of Same-Sex Marriage Nationwide, it talksRead MorePersuasive Essay On Same Sex Marriage1368 Words   |  6 Pages Marriage is the legal and formal recognition of the union of a man and a woman. This simple definition has been modified several times.In the past, marriage was allowed only through the union of the same race, such as a white male and white female, black male and black female, however, now, it is a battle of allowing the marriage of the same-sex. The fight is not only to help protect rights for same-sex couples, but, also, to interracial couples, who have been experiencing racism and discrimination

Observational Stages of Piaget/Erikson Free Essays

CDC Observational Experience, 1-2year old room 1) Age: 22 months, male * Physical Growth and Development Milestones 1. Physical Characteristics- More well-balanced appearance as compared to the wide-based, top heavy appearance of younger toddlers (also present in the group). 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Observational Stages of Piaget/Erikson or any similar topic only for you Order Now Gross motor ability- Walked and ran with ease as compared to the younger children. More normal, less â€Å"waddling† gait. Fell 1 time. 3. Fine motor ability- Manual dexterity development shown when turning pages of a book that I was holding during â€Å"circle time†. Observed making a circle on the water table with a smaller wand- shaped toy. . Sensory Ability- Able to verbally identify colors, shapes, animals (and animal sounds). * Developmental Level of the Child- The observed child was in the â€Å"Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt† stage of Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development. His language was more improved as compared to the limited words of the younger children. He was able to speak in very simple sentences. I first observed autonomy when looking at what he was wearing, a Batman outfit with a cape! The caregivers told me that he likes to wear those things and also has a Superman cape that he chooses to wear. When given a simple command such as â€Å"Come and sit down at the table†, he replied â€Å"NO! † and kept playing. The caregivers allowed him a few times of defiance, then picked him up and put him in the chair for lunch. The child was fussy for a few minutes in the chair, but did cheer up when given his lunch. He was given a small amount of several different foods and chose only a few to eat. The child fed himself. He was not toilet trained yet. He seemed to be right in the middle of this stage, which is from 1 ? to 3 years. In reference to Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development, the child was in the† Mental Combinations† sensorimotor stage. This was evident in reading our picture book, which had illustrations of different animals and vehicles. He spanned from naming colors in the book, to identifying a truck/bus/etc. , to expressing a â€Å"roar† for a picture of a lion. * Psychosocial Development- 1. The child played with different toys on the water table, including buckets, cups, and brushes. He laughed at himself spinning a toy around very fast and watching the water spray around. He did seek approval for this. As he was doing it, he looked at the caregivers and repeated it as we laughed. He seemed to like playing with two other boys around his age (23 and 21 months). 2. As stated before, the child’s communication was much more diverse than the 1 year olds. He spoke in small sentences and was able to identify shapes, colors, and familiar objects. With the above statements, I feel that this child falls within the growth and developmental norms for his age group. 2) The CDC staff encouraged growth in the above areas by allowing the child to make his own choices without reprimanding, but maintained the normal daily routine (example: sit down for lunchtime). Related essay: Shame is Worth a Try They gave the child praise for following rules. Appropriate toys and play ideas were provided for the child. 3) The water table activity enhanced fine motor skills and imagination. A book and song â€Å"circle time† enhanced pre-reading and routine. The children participated in many sing-a-long songs with fine motor skill commands such as â€Å"put your finger on your nose†. 4) I was not present for the separation process between the parent and child (was doing presentation with 4th floor CDC children). However, this child had an extremely hard time falling asleep for nap time. He cried incessantly and was very restless. The CDC employees patted the child’s back rhythmically until he finally fell asleep. 5) Five safety rules were as follows; put away toys (â€Å"clean up time†), sit when eating, â€Å"Nice touches† (No hitting or pinching), shoes are always on, and everyone takes a turn with a toy. 6) I observed a situation where the child pinched another boy around his age. The other boy pinched him back. The caregivers positively reprimanded the child by saying â€Å"nice touches† and distracting both children with a new activity. The technique did work, but both of the children did it again about an hour later. How to cite Observational Stages of Piaget/Erikson, Essays

St. Andrews free essay sample

Finding the ideal school is a complicated and tedious process, where different factors and characteristics of a university construct a unique equation. A combination of rigorous academics and a stimulating social environment creates the fundamental structure of a university, while the size, location, and history shape a school into an optimal learning environment. St. Andrews excels in each of this variables, constructing the ideal university for an eager student like me. One of the most attractive qualities of St. Andrews are the degree combinations that allow students, like myself, to pursue a vast area of study. The university provides, in particular, a joint degree of Mathematics and International Relations. The degree combination parallels my logical yet subjective personality. The beautiful juxtaposition of well-organized and definite problems with exciting and unpredictable affairs makes it the ideal program for me. Math deals with numbers, figures, and formulas, and always en ds in objective, definite answers. We will write a custom essay sample on St. Andrews or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In contrast, international relations, an unpredictable field containing no definite solution to any one problem, opens the door to a world of negotiations and politics. The combination of the two distinct majors allows me to focus on credible mathematical concepts within the uncertain yet engaging realm of international relations. American Universities provide both majors, but the combination of the art and science creates a beautiful and complex juxtaposition completely relevant to the future of our society. Not only would I benefit from the acutely focused academics and degree structure, but other aspects of St. Andrews suit me as well. The quaint and peaceful university town, situated on the water, contains thousands of years of rich Scottish history which contributes to a mature yet enchanting environment that nurtures research and exploration. St. Andrews has an long history of providing students with the tools and experience that prepares them for the future and ensures succes s. With their superior academics and vibrant atmosphere, St. Andrews guarantees an incomparable experience. The characteristics that define St. Andrews are best for those students willing to dedicate themselves to learning and studying in a unique environment. Although it is rare for American students to travel half way across the world for an education, I have the passion and dedication necessary to overcome any obstacle and guarantee a incomparable future

Personal Approach to Counseling Essay Example

Personal Approach to Counseling Essay Personal Approach to Counseling Todd J. Schmenk, M. Ed. Rhode Island College Author Note Todd J, Schmenk, M. Ed. , Department of Counseling, Educational Leadership, and School Psychology Department, Feinstein School of Education and Human Development, Rhode Island College. Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Todd J. Schmenk, M. Ed. , Department of Counseling, Educational Leadership, and School Psychology Department, Feinstein School of Education and Human Development, Rhode Island College, Providence, RI 02908 E-mail: [emailprotected] om 1. Key Concepts In dealing with individuals and in my experience and studies over the years I have come to the conclusion that a person’s development and interactions with the world is a compilation of internal adaptations to external stimulus. As the philosopher Ken Wilber put it â€Å" A person’s network-logic is a dialectic (an investingating or discussing the truth of opinions) of whole and part. As many d etails as possible are checked; then a tentative big picture is assembled; it is checked against further details, and the big picture readjusted. And so on indefinitely, with ever more details constantly altering the big picture—and vice versa. † (Wilber, 2000, Loc. 213-15) Drawing upon this broad but key ideology, any approach to counseling or psychotherapy, in my opinion, would have to be sure to address these internal processes and conclusions in order to help an individual deal with and achieve balance when an imbalance has occurred. In order to do so, this would mean incorporating upon several of the key components of made by astute individuals who have helped to define the various aspects of these processes. Of great influence to my approach would be Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory of development which considers the impact of external factors from family, specifically the parents, to cultural and societal influences and their effects on an individual’s personality (ego) development from childhood to adulthood. According to Erikson’s theory, every person must pass through a series of eight interrelated stages over the entire life cycle. (Arlene F Harder, 2011) At each transition, there is the possibility that the individual may falter and develop less than optimal approaches for dealing with external stimuli. We will write a custom essay sample on Personal Approach to Counseling specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Personal Approach to Counseling specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Personal Approach to Counseling specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Going a step further in identification and specificity of those external influences and their effects on an individuals ego development are the works of Dr. Clare Grave, Dr. Chris Cowen, and Dr. Donald Beck, who have compiled their observations in their theory which they refer to as â€Å"Spiral Dynamics†. Dr. Graves in the early 1950’s refered to this new emerging approach to human understanding as a biopsycho-social system. In his words he defined the term as: â€Å"Bio† for the neurology and chemical energy of life and the organismic part of us. The â€Å"Psycho† for the variables of personality and life expereinces, our temperments and sense of self and relationships to others, the â€Å"Social† for the collective energy in group dynamics and culture as the interpersonal domain influences human behavior in collective settings ranging from small groups and families to corporations and entire societies, and the â€Å"System† for the interdependence and action/reaction of these three upon one another in a coherent whole according to principles laid out in General Systems theory and other approaches to how things work and interact. (Cowen, Todorovic, Lee, 2001) Or in more simple terms: â€Å"Briefly, what I am proposing is that the psychology of the mature human being is an unfolding, emergent, oscillating, spiraling process, marked by progressive subordination of older, lower-order behavior systems to newer, higher-order systems as man’s existential problems change. † (Graves, 1959) Where Er ikson, Graves, Beck, Cowen and a good number of other therapists saw he quantifyable development of human beings as the unfolding of stages, I also look to Ken Wilber who has devised a â€Å"Integral Theory† that looks for underlying connections between all these pieces of the same puzzle, drawing upon the available schools of thought in psychology, religion, philosphy, and other related fields, in an attempt to relate them to each other. One of Wilber’s greatest contributions to the field of psychology and counseling is by demonstrating that the various practitioners have all been studying several lines of development, yet collapsing these observations together as if they were one. By doing so, creating illisionary camps of opposing thought that are believed to be mutually exclusive. Wilber has shown that all of these lines coexist and need to be acknowledged in order for the treatment to have a larger impact. This is not to say that all approaches to pyschotherapy do this, many of the newer theories and approaches to therapy have begun to see and adapt this idea pulling from various modes of applications, such as dialectical, but few do this as broadly. An example of this can be seen in the following illustration: [pic] Wilber explains: And there are multiple paths or lines of development. It has been demonstrated that each level of development has a different worldview, with different perceptions, modes of space and time, and moral motivations (discoveries upon which the work of researchers from Maslow to Kohlberg to Loevinger to Gilligan would depend); he showed that reality is not simply given but is in many important ways constructed. (Wilber, 2000, loc 577-82) Given this explaination, Freud’s view could be seen and the identification of the psycho-sexual line of development, whereas Maslow focused on the needs line , Grave focus on an individual’s world-view, and Gilligan focused on the line of ego development. All equally important. Given this, my intake form that an individual would fill out combined with information collected during sessions should provide the basis from where to move forward in choosing the appropriate psychotherautic model for treatment increasing the effectivess and positive outcome in alleviating the individual’s current condition. This conclusion is echoed in this course’s text in that â€Å" Effective theories are grounded in an understanding of human development. They provide a framework for gathering and organizing information and exploring personality. (Seligman Reichenberg, 2010, loc. 972-73) Since I have the most experience in dealing with individuals drawing from health education and promotion theories that are similar to Solution Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) methods, this would be the area I would most often begin. In SFBT, one of the core objectives â€Å" is to increase people’s hope and optimism by creating expectancy for change, n o matter how small. In this way, people become more aware of what is working rather than what is not. † (Seligman Reichenberg, 2010, loc. 1000) Often times I have found that when people seek my services, they do so because something has changed, yet they are unaware of such a change, and that that change has been percieved as a negative effect by that individual. A common example of this is a person in their late 20’s or early 30’s who is distressed over a sudden increase in weight. There are many factors that can contribute to this, but a common theme I have observed is that the individual had continued to eat as if they were still an athlete, a teenager, or in their early 20’s. Their eating habits remained constant, however, their activity levels and the stage of their body’s development (they are no longer growing) have not, having an undesirable and unintentional impact. While this example is dealing with obersavable behaviors (activity, nutrition), the same can also be applied to an individuals mental constructs, schema’s, or beliefs. People often relate present expereinces with ones that look similar to what they have encountered in the past, yet the course their responses produces different results. One of the other great strengths is that SFBT focuses on the present and the future rather that on the past and allows an individual to focus on positive change. (Seligman Reichenberg, 2010, Loc. 10986-87) This would be especially important in the first few sessions since I would want to alleviate the immediate cause of distress. Using the above example, looking at the person’s belief and coming up with goals, such as using a nutrition journal to increase awareness, would be a good place to begin. Even small insights based upon this simple exercise can greatly motivate and increase this individual’s expectancy for further changes. Next I would turn to Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT) because of its structure and its use of reason to challenge irrational beliefs. I love the outline presented in the class text because, in my experience, I have found that having a plan tends to increase the likelihood of compliance and therefore success. The typical session will almost always include the following tens steps 1. Review old business from the previous session – if it is the first session, than I would review the intake form to ensure accuracy and begin to develop the therapeutic alliance. 2. Check up on the mood, behavior, symptoms, and medication. 3. Elicit new business, especially and major life changes 4. Follow up on homework 5. Establish the agenda for the sessions 6. Do the work according to the ABCDEF format 7. Summarize the work that was done 8. Assign new homework 9. Obtain feedback on the session 10. Close the session (Seligman Reichenberg, 2010, loc. 8046): This is not to say that I would be inflexible and if the situation presented itself, would even incorporate the use of Carl Roger’s more free-flowing client centered approach, but I would not start a session off that way. I have tried this type of approach and have found that for an individual who is looking for an immediate solution and possibly some guidance, that type of approach if used right from the start can be frustrating and de-motivating. I would also use the concepts found within REBT to help teach clients about rational and irrational thinking so that they could identify, dispute, and modify their irrational beliefs. By doing so, the individual should be able to develop a more rational and integrated approach to life. Unlike SFBT, which focuses on goal setting and problem solving, REBT dictates that I would need to go beyond this approach to enable the individual to establish more balanced, logical, and rewarding lives. (Seligman Reichenberg, 2010. Loc. 7968) For emotionally based complaints that do not seem to be able to be addressed using SFBT and REBT, I would consider utilizing an emerging approach that has some components of Gestalt therapy, but it also based heavily on the concepts of Freud’s work called Core Energetics. The work of Core Energetics requires that clients want to dissolve their original wounds and evolve into their authentic selves, heart and soul. It is an emotional focused practice. It first appeared in the 70’s introduced by Dr. Pierrakos who had based this new methodology upon observations made by Wilhelm Reich, a colleague and disciple of Freud, about the connection between the body and psychological/emotional health and dysfunction. Black, 2004, 120-23) He believed that his clients’ bodies were tensed and distorted as a result of blocked energy and used physical approaches to alleviate or encourage an emotional discharge that often produced insight in to what was bothering them. I have experienced this type of therapy and have found it useful, especially when I was not completely aware of what was truly bothering me, though I would need further training before I was comfortable in implementing this type of approach. 2. Signs of Change As I worked with an individual there would be signs that I would be looking for that would help identify if my approach was having the desired effect. As reflected in our text: As they become cognizant of the possibilities for positive change, their empowerment and motivation increase correspondingly, creating a beneficial circle; positive change fuels people’s belief that change can happen, which enhances their motivation and efforts to change, which in turn leads to more positive changes. (Seligman Reichenberg, 2010, loc. 11001) When it comes to SFBT, simple indications would be compliance, the client creating and meeting the goals that were agreed upon, an increased motivation to be in action, and their reported belief that they were getting something out of our sessions. When it came to REBT, one of the advantages of the approach is the scaled questions that would be attached to their irrational beliefs. Those issues causing the most turmoil should be seen over time to diminish moving down scale on a scale of 1 – 10, where 10 would be most distressful to 1 being the least. If I find that the individual is still holding on to these irrational beliefs and being negatively affected by them, it would be because that they are still active and the individual was still using them (still unaware) and an adjustment would be made. Two other themes I would look for in working with the individual would be self-acceptance and awareness. The REBT approach â€Å"suggests that emotional difficulties often are found in people with conditional self-acceptance and that they value themselves because of their accomplishments rather than because of their basic worth as a person. † (Seligman Reichenberg, 2010. 5828-30) In other words, for many, when they have a set-back or fail at something, they believe it is because they are bad or a failure. (conditions of self-worth) Those who were able to differentiate and see these differences (and display behaviors congruent with their statements) I would see as both making progress and as becoming more self-aware. By being aw are of their approaches to life, they would then be able to make changes, become fully self-expressed or authentic in the moment and see the possibilities available to them. . The Role of the Therapist and the Nature of the therapist-client relationship Given my experience over the last 15 years in dealing with individuals with a variety of health concerns and now moving to a more broad based look at an individual’s over-all mental health and its effect on those health issues, my approach and role in a therapist-client relationship would tend to be eclectic, integrating different treatment strategies as needed. Interactions and assessments with the individual would help to clarify what is most likely the main issue and which counseling theory or theories and the tools provided in each would best increase the chances for the most favorable outcome. With that being said – all of my approaches would begin by ensuring the strong development of a therapeutic alliance as illustrated by several of the fields most prominent therapists since the formalization of this idea by Carl Rogers. Therapist traits such as empathy, unconditional positive regard, and congruence (or being genuine with a client) create the conditions necessary to develop a more effective alliance between clinician and client. Therapy sessions then primarily act as a place where an individual can explore uncomfortable emotional experiences and learn or relearn more constructive ways of dealing with them. (Seligman Reichenberg, 2010. Loc 1186) Even though the initial approach to REBT and SFBT tend to be more structured and more formal, it is still possible to create a warm, safe space or clearing within these contexts in order to foster re-education, insight, reframing, challenging irrational beliefs, and personal growth. By doing so it is almost inevitable that change will occur and that it will â€Å"have a ripple effect on many aspects of the client’s life. (Seligman Reichenberg, 2010. Loc 11142) In REBT and SFBT the therapist often assumes many roles such as an educator, a mentor, a role model, and a coach using a wide variety of interventions, tools, and resources. Some of these tools I would bring into sessions would be identifying the situations and utilizing the three column technique, using a dysfunctional thought log or other journal and asking questions like â€Å"Between now and our first session, I want you to notice the things that happen to you that you would like to keep happening in the future? † or â€Å"What changes have occurred since the person first made the appointment? † all the time utilizing active listening skills, portraying empathy, offering reassurance, and making suggestions when they are relevant. When I was in session, I would keep all the above in mind in regards to the following: Current research suggests that treatment approaches and interventions are just one factor in producing change. In a landmark study, Miller, Duncan, and Hubble (1997) found that clients attributed 40% of the change they experienced in treatment to extratherapeutic factors (including people’s internal resources and events in their lives), 30% to the therapist–client relationship, 15% to particular techniques and interventions, and 15% percent to their hope and expectation of positive change. Seligman Reichenberg, 2010. Loc 1043) which demonstrates the power of the therapeutic alliance and the need to be seen as both an expert, a guide, an advocate, and as most importantly, another human being just like them. 4. Goals Given the processes of the therapies I would tend to implement, I believe that the amount of sessions that would be needed in order to achieve the desired outcome and to alleviate their current concerns would be six to eight sessions with 80% of clients concluding treatment by the 20th session and most of their positive changes occurring by the 8th session. Seligman Reichenberg, 2010. Loc. 11093) Before meeting with the client and then continuing the practice before any sequential sessions, I would use a decision tree to determine what interventions to use next with my client. Part of REBT is starting each session off by checking in with them to see what was happening in their life and what they wished to see happen more often to move towards major life changes. One of the major concepts of REBT is that Clinicians teach clients about rational and irrational thinking; help people identify, dispute, and modify their irrational beliefs; and facilitate their efforts to develop a more rational philosophy of life. Although problem solving is part of treatment, REBT clinicians go beyond problem solving and enable people to establish more balanced, logical, and rewarding lives. (Seligman Reichenberg, 2010, Loc. 8079-82) This would be done using the six-step ABCDEF structured format that would meet the requirements described above. In brief – we would look to identify the external source of discomfort, take a look at the belief about that stimulus and its effect, look at the consequences the belief was having on their life, devise ways to dispute this belief, what the effect would be once the belief had been realigned, and an exploration of the new feelings and behaviors that would be a result of this process. (ensuring motivation) (Seligman Reichenberg, 2010. Loc. 8084-8138) Other tools I described earlier would be the use of behavioral tracking and awareness enhancing practices such as a log or journal. When it comes to SFBT, some of the most important interventions would be the use of the miracle question which would implement the use of scaling to measure change and the use of suggested solutions, but would also focus on identifying exceptions, looking for places in a person life where things worked. For instance, if a person was having a difficult time and was feeling burned out because of the work requirements, exploration of times when they had a good day and what they did differently should provide their own solution to the kind of plan that should be developed further in order to have that exception become the norm. If the person had a difficult time identifying such a situation, there is where SFBT would tend to suggest activities to help the person identify such solutions or suggest ways they could try to alter the situation. Simple questions like â€Å"What is different about the times when the difficulty does not happen? †, When is the problem less severe? , and How is that different from the way you handled this the last time it occurred? † (Seligman Reichenberg, 2010, Loc 11155) would all be ways to explore this further and find the individuals strengths or effective ways in which they have dealth with similar situation before. Once identified, those traits and skills would be exemplified and then practiced so that they become a new behavior. Tony Schwartz, the author of The Power of Full Engagement: Managing Energy, Not Time, Is the Key to High Performance and Personal Renewal has broadened this approach laying out the four main areas that an individual should look when trying to create new rituals, ones that will over-ride and replace older dysfunctional approaches. He focuses on the following: At the same time, we must build the four underlying capacities that make excellence possible: strength and endurance (physical), high positive energy (emotional), control of attention (mental), and a compelling sense of purpose (spiritual). (Schwartz, 2005, Loc. 143) What is so great about this book is that it addresses many of the main issues around performance, whether it is at work or in dealing with the family and aligns well with both REBT and SFBT. The main underlying message in the book could be summed up best by â€Å"It’s not the number of hours we work that determines how much value we create. Rather it’s the quantity and quality of energy we bring to whatever hours we work. † (Schwartz, 2005, Loc 161) This enderlying theme echos the beliefs of both systems. From a REBT perspective – it addresses the â€Å"performance equals worth† irrational belief and from a SFBT it focuses on the positive aspects and strengths an individual uses to maintain their energy levels, including understanding what values are of the upmost importance to them. 5. How this approach might apply to diverse groups Given that every individual – regardless of race, culture, gender, or orientation would need to proceed through the same stages of development and face similar transitional challenges at each stage, I believe that my approach would be useful in most therapy situations that were targeted at mid to high functioning individuals. I do not see this approach as being as effective with those who have a compromised perception of reality such as those who are currently in a psychopathic state, but even there this approach may be useful once those individuals have been stabilized. SFBT and REBT are both mental approaches to dealing with current issues which are both cross-cultural both in their acceptance and application. Since some cultures are more sensitive to talking about their emotions, my approach, using these methodologies should help to alleviate and overcome this cultural reluctance. When it comes to cross-cultural or diverse populations, I also include gender communication differences, religious orientation, sexual orientation, ethnicity, and even political. Both methodologies have been shown to be effective in dealing with such diversity. With that being said, given that I am a white male, coming from German-Slavic culture, with a hetero-sexual orientation, a higher level of education, and more of an urban ideology, I would expect that this perception may also be seen as a weakness in dealing with some individuals, especially depending upon why they were seeking my services in the first place. For instance, a woman suffering from mental issues surrounding a traumatic experience, such as rape, would most likely not do well with me – at least initially. Those coming from a Hispanic or other cultural orientation, or even a strong specific religious or philosophical background may also be turned off since I do not fall into their perceived notion of being able to relate. Of course, utilizing the therapeutic alliance and even addressing these concerns right from the start should help to alleviate these concerns. Also – the language barrier would certainly have a negative impact in that if communication was weak, it would reinforce the cultural divide not to mention have a profound effect on how well the individual and I could relate. In those cases, I would simply refer the individual to someone within the counseling network to whom I would believe this person would do best with. 6. Limitations and strengths of your approach The strengths, weakness, and limitations of my approach would be the same as those apparent in the tools that I would employ in most cases. SFBT can be too quick to identify with the presenting problem and therefore missing the greater importance or that a solution would need to be reached in a relatively short period of time could have a negative impact on outcomes. REBT may not be as useful with individuals who have a difficult time separating their emotional responses from their thoughts or the belief or expectation that therapy should be unstructured, focus on insights, and the need to explore the causes of their current state of mind could also undermine the entire process. While common complaints for Erikson’s approach being that it focuses too much upon the social implications, ignoring the biological influences of personality and physical dimension and for having been derived with more of a male gender bias. However, by utilizing the integral framework devised by Ken Wilber and using the four quadrant approach to cover all the bases of the internal individual self (locus of control), the biological effect on personality and displayed behaviors, the cultural effect on the individuals belief system, and the social structures and laws which tend to reinforce these effects should help to alleviate or negate these effects leaving only the strengths or the best of each approach to having the greatest influence upon the sessions, the individual, and the possible outcomes being pursued. The strengths of all these approaches would be that they are all cognitive or rational approaches to dealing with current issues which have empirical data to back up their claims as solid approaches to working with individuals in the alleviation of their problems. Also, as backed by our class text, â€Å"SFBT has also been easily integrated with other theories, including cognitive behavioral, REBT, Adlerian, and reality therapy† (Seligman Reichenberg, 2010. Loc. 8094) leaving me to believe that this approach would indeed have the outcomes and positive interations I would hope to see. Finally, many of the strengths, weakness, and limitations would be my own internal belief systems and my level of comfort in working with certain populations as well as any life events that I might be expereincing when working with any population plus my own specific preferences. Continued therapuetic work, I believe, would be essential in both expereincing the approaches first hand as well as addressing any irrational beliefs that I may have. Works Cited Arlene F Harder, M. M. (2011). Support4change. com. Retrieved 2012, from Supportforchange. om: http://www. support4change. com/index. php? option=com_contentview=articleid=47Itemid=108 Beck, E. B. , Cowen, C. (1996). Spiral Dynamics: Mastering Values, Leadership and Change. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing. Black, S. (2004). A Way of Life: Core Energetics. Lincoln, NE: iUniverse. Kindle version Cowen, C. , Todorovic, N. , Lee, W. R. (2001). Clarewgraves. com/Theory. Retrieved from Clarewgraves. com: http://www. clarewgraves. com/home. html Graves, D. C. (1959). An Emergent Theory of Ethical Behavior Based Upon an Epigentic Model. Historical Collection of the work of Dr. Clare W. Graves of William R. Lee,, 12. Schwartz, T. (2005). The Power of Full Engagement: Managing Energy, Not Time, Is the Key to High Performance and Personal Renewal. NY, NY: The Free Press. Kindle version Seligman, L. , Reichenberg, L. (2010). Theories of Counseling and Psychotherapy; systems, stra tegies, and skills (Kindle Version). Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Kindle version Wilber, K. (2000). Integral Psychology: Consciousness, Spirit, Psychology, Therapy. Boston: Shambhala Publications. Kindle version

SUNNY Talent Management

SUNNY Talent Management Executive Summary In current competitive service industry, companies are facing a challenge developing, managing, and retaining quality effective managers. The competitiveness that has been enjoyed by SUNNY in Chinese market can be attributed by its effective human resources management as well as favorable working condition; however, the industry in general is facing an increased job-hopping by effective managers.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on SUNNY Talent Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To solve the challenge, SUNNY Optical need to enact effective talent management strategies that will enable the company nurture, develop, tap, and utilize their human resources talents and intellectual property. For an effective strategy, there is need for collaboration between the top management, line managers, and junior staffs. Case background Business management scholars have agreed that there is always a room for improvement in an organization despite how well its operations seem to be: there are different approaches leading an organization to improve performance, most of the approaches depend on the skills and knowledge of human capital in an organization. SUNNY as an international optical retailing company is doing well in the global scenes; it has high value for its employees and spends substantial amounts of its income to motivate, develop, and retain its human resources. However, in current competitive business environment, the company is facing a challenge retaining its effective and quality managers as they are job-hopping in search for better employers with wages as the main motivator for the job-hopping. The new life employment policy has also added some pain to the company as it’s a challenge to develop, maintain, poach, and retain quality managers. Despite the challenges SUNNY leaders have some strategic management approaches that it can adopt to ensure that the company rem ains competitive amidst the challenges it is facing as well as reduce the rate of influence of the challenges (Farrell and Grant, 2005). This paper analyses the problem facing SUNNY Optical in China and give recommendations on strategies that John Wu, the company’s president, would pioneer for a competitive business. Problem analysis The problem facing SUNNY Optical is not unique to the company however, it is experienced across the service industry; the main cause of the problem is deficiency in quality service managers and poaching as well as job-hopping among the existing quality managers. The development of new life employment policy has impacted the industry as it has the likelihood of reducing motivation and individual efforts among employees of a certain employer. The main issue that John Wu is wondering about is how the company will be able to have new strategies that will guarantee that in the future, the company will have quality manager and leaders; he is wondering this despite there being a number of qualified graduates with some working experience however it can be noted that they lack some polishing to offer quality service and leadership skills.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More SUNNY has had human resources policies that can be applauded, however as stated earlier, there is no optimal level, but every situation offers a room to improvement. The management has ensured that employees are well mentored; coached, developed and motivational strategies have been put in place. The management has been successful in developing an effective communication strategy that ensures that all employees and the management mingle and interact with each other with ease and can share ideas freely; with such an environment, certainly the company has a favorable working condition yet managers are finding a reason to move to other companies. The management fears the total loss of quality leaders that it has been able to develop over time. The issues facing the company can be solved with some minimal intervention by the management of the company’s policies on talents and psychological contracts fulfillment (Farrell and Grant, 2005). Solution to the problem To ensure that the problem does not recur in the future, the management need to have a lasting solution that will enable the company develop and retain managers; every human being has a talent that needs to be seen, developed, managed, tapped, and utilized for the good of the employer. As far as leadership is concerned, there are some people who have been born as charisma leaders, however if the power and the talent they hold is not well tapped, then they might not benefit their company with the talents (Lester and Kickul, 2001). John Wu has the challenge of developing an effective talent management system in the company; with the strategy, he will be able to make q uality managers and leaders from the pool of graduates with some working experience but whom cannot be relied upon on their leadership traits. Effective talent management strategies take some steps and form; talent management is defined as a complex human resources management process where the human resources team develop measures and policies that facilitated in tapping human beings intellectual property. According to Burbach Royle, 2010, â€Å"Talent management as a corporate area of focus has been building steadily† (Burbach and Royle, 2010), the approach to managing and maintaining talents within an organization is one of the newest management approaches that is yielding satisfactory results in companies that it has been implemented. An effective talent management strategy that the company should implement will start from recruitments adopted by the company all the way to how the employees will be retained, the strategy is as follows:Advertising We will write a c ustom report sample on SUNNY Talent Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Evaluation of current talent management within an organization SUNNY human resources department has the role of creating an environment that can create an orchestrate team; they have the role of ensuring that the company human resources needs are well catered for; although it can be applauded for such successful efforts, it has to enact talent management policies. The policies implemented are expected to facilitate the use of intellectual properties of their staffs (talents) although the objective may not be as explicit as other human resources roles. The initial step then to develop a deliberate talent management strategy in an organization is to understand the current position of the firm as long as tapping intellectual property is concerned (Renckly and Renckly, 2003). The parameters to use include: Analysing the succession plans adopted at SUNNY Take a revie w of major and minor innovations that the company has had in the past and try to look at the source of the innovation Involve department and sector managers in the process and get their inputs on the calibre of employees already in the organisation. The information derived will be crucial in determining the state that a company is as long as talent management is concerned (See diagram below on how talent is involved in business objectives). Diagram 1 Talent Entry and Retention John Wu should understand that SUNNY needs to have a recruitment method that considers talent development and management in the company: when applications are received, they are sorted, and short listed candidate are contacted, when short-listing the experiences given by the employees should be reviewed to ensure that those applicants with the sort talents have been established.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To enable employees perform their duties effectively and have a chance to improve some systems though their talents, creativity and innovativeness; then continuous system and employee’s appraisal is important. When this is done, it helps human management to interact and share with employees on their experiences and relax the air to the employee that he can recommend areas that needs improvement and probably offer recommendations on the way forward. Relaxing an environment and involving an employee in its improvement is a psychological approach that assists employees to own up a certain function, the ownership triggers innovativeness and use of their talents.  On the other hand, offering employees challenging environment is important to trigger their use of talents. In cases where the weak point is because of employees ignorant, then programs are set up to address this. Training is another way that talent can be natured and developed; some organizations have employees traini ng as a continuous process with the aim of ensuring that the employees are up-to-date with the changes in the industry (Anthony, Kalmar and Perrewà ©, 2002). Development and Passing out With a favorable environment developed, the next step is to expect results from the human capital in the organization; the employee is given some more challenging roles that are in line with his line of strength that has been established. When operating in the roles, the company should make the employee as centre for the project; for example, an employee may be made the head of a certain project that the management believes he has the potential of developing better processes and products through his talents. When developing an employee for talent management, then the following are the areas that development should look into: Knowledge that the employee has acquired The special skills that an employee have The attitude that an employee have towards development of new methods of doing things The beha viour of the employee (Schweyer, 2010). A well-planned development assists the company to nurture, develop and retain employees with talents in the company. To facilitate talent development, knowledge development cannot be ignored; knowledge and talents are intangible assets, which are unique to different business and can be improved with experience and information interpolation (Lester Kickul, 2001). The following diagram summarizes the process of talent management: Diagram 2 Conclusion The global optical retailing industry has become competitive; SUNNY needs to have effective human resources talent management policies if it will remain competitive in Chinese market. Personnel’s have different talents and capabilities; however tapping this asset requires strategic management; they need to be natured, developed and managed before they are exploited.  Other than utilizing the knowledge and experience that the employees have, there is the need to use available information to grow and develop knowledge and expertise in employees. To effectively manage talents, SUNNY should start by understanding the current strategies and processes and how they support talent management, with the understanding, they will be able to tap talents from entry level, nature, develop and retain them to the benefit of the organization.  When a talent has been developed, there should be effective passing out mechanism so as the benefits of the talents can benefit an entire organization. References Anthony, W. P., Kalmar, K. M., Perrewà ©, P. L. (2002). Human Resource Management, A Strategic Approach, (4th ed). South-Western, Thomson Learning. Berger, A. Berger, D. (2003).The talent management handbook: creating organizational excellence by identifying, developing, and promoting your best people. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Farrell, D. and Grant, A. (2005). Chinas Looming Talent Shortage. McKinsey Quarterly, 1(1), pp.1-4. Lester, W. and Kickul, J.(2001). Psychological contr acts in the 21st century: What employees’ value most and how well organizations are responding to these expectations. Human Resource Planning, 24(1): 10 Renckly, B. R Renckly, G. R. (2003). Human Resources. New York: Barrons Educational Series. Schweyer, A. (2010).Talent Management Systems: Best Practices in Technology Solutions for Recruitment, Retention and Workforce Planning. New York: John Wiley and Sons.

GM Research 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

GM Research 2 - Essay Example Gene flow and outcrosssing does not necessarily signify environmental damage however potential risks of the transgenes escaping and establishing themselves in the natural agro ecosystems (Eastham & sweet, 2002, p10). This inbreeding between the gm cambogia plants and novel species can give rise to new genetic traits which may or may not be beneficial. Till date no proper sourced have indicated that usage of genetically modified Garcinia has had detrimental effects on the human health. However, the fact remains that there is existence of a certain percentage of risks in form of possible allergic reaction and immune responses. Another major risk is that since first generation GM crops such as Garcinia use a antibiotic-resistant marker gene for easier cell selection, when ingested these marker genes from GMO may get incorporated into the human gut fauna and make them resistant to antibiotics thereby rendering the person immune to antibiotic therapeutic treatments in the future (Pretty,2001, p254). Eastham,  K., & Sweet,  J. (2002).  enetically modified organisms (GMOs): The significance of gene flow through pollen transfer  (28). Retrieved from European Environment Agency website: http://www.e-library.lt/resursai/ES/Leidiniai/EEA_issue_reports/GMOsforwww.pdf Pretty,  J. (2001). The rapid emergence of genetic modiï ¬ cation in world agriculture: contested risks and beneï ¬ ts.  Environmental Conservation,  28(3), 248-262. Retrieved from http://www.cof.orst.edu/cof/teach/agbio/2004%20materials/1B-STATUS/Environ_Conserv_emergence%20of%20GE%20in%20world%20ag.pdf Wolfenbarger,  L.  L., & Phifer,  P.  R. (2000). e Ecological Risks and BeneÞts of Genetically Engineered Plants.  science,  290, 2088-2092. Retrieved from

A movie star Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A movie star - Essay Example Undoubtedly, the way Heath portrayed and played the role of the Joker is irreplaceable and unbelievable. Surely, the makers of Dark Knight will be continue to face issues in finding a perfect replacement for Heath as Heath no longer stands and shines within the society. His performance as the joker was quite thought provoking and the way he managed to villainies the sets and story of Dark Knight clearly shows that Heath had worked hard for this character and had invested more than he could into the character. His performance as the joker can easily be compared to a king who is mentally unfit to rule and his psychotic nature was making every individual bow in front of him. The first words uttered by Heath Ledger as the Joker were â€Å"What doesn’t kill you, makes you stranger† and right after those words were spoken in the film, the movie continued to unfold in the most entertaining and uncertain manner. All the lines that were spoken by Joker were very well illustrated throughout the movie and even today these punch lines are remembered and used to reflect upon a world where a Joker exists and people fear him. One of the greatest scenes performed by heath during the movie was when he asked an individual about whether he wants to see a magic trick, then he place a pencil on the table and pushed the man’s head on the pencil, instantly killing him. The manner, the threatening voice and the uncertain move made by Heath ledger clearly reflected how a psychotic person thinks and how dangerous he can be. From this scene and after that every scene played by Joker in the movie had an unforgettable impact on all those who watched the movi e. Heath Ledger’s performance throughout the movie over shadowed every single performance of other cast members, it seemed as if he was sitting in the driving scene and was able to take the movie to whatever direction he wanted to and the rest followed his pursuit. Even though Batman is supposed to be

Government health care vs private health care Essay

Government health care vs private health care - Essay Example Over the years people have argued for both the private health care sector and the public health care sector stating the advantages and the disadvantages of each side. A private health care or private medicine is a health care or medicine that is funded and provided by entities other than the government, they are privately run by companies or personals. People have mainly argued for private health care mainly because it’s based on basic economic principles like supply, demand and a competitive market. No private health firm could charge you more than the other firms due to the competitive nature of market in which they operate. Secondly due to the competitive nature patients receive fast and high quality treatment as private facilities often are in competition with other facilities, this characteristic of private health facilities makes it convenient for patients and often prove life saving. The author talks about what Ken Dallafior, senior vice president of group sales and corporate marketing, at Detroit-based Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan, had to say â€Å"If youre in an industry that is highly competitive in terms of recruiting and maintaining talent, you have better control of the process and the plans that are offered to employees, which can affect your talent objectives,† (Banham, 2013). Private health care facilities offer a large pool of specialists and hospitals, so the patients have a choice of who they want to go to for treatment. Looking at large private health care facilities also helps remove a big burden off the backs of the government; it reduces government spending on the health sector. Although this kind of medical health care proves very beneficial for the public, private health facilities are often very expensive and majority of the public is unable to attain such facilities and they revert back to public health care. A public health care facility is one that is funded by the government so that all public could avail health

Recruitment and Selection in Company Expansion

Recruitment and Selection in Company Expansion Khajurico Nepal is a family owned cottage industry based at Chapagaun, Lalitpur, Nepal. It was established in 1990 with a brand name of Khajuri foods and late in 2003 it was trademarked under Khajurico. Khajuri foods started its brand name by introducing bread and since 1994 it has been expanding widely with diversified products such as cookies and puff pastry. It is the only company where all the production employee is women from which we can see how Khajurico Nepal is promoting women empowerment. Today, Khajurico Nepal not only supplies its product at Nepal but also has opened its new factory in India named after Khajurico India Pvt. Ltd. and supplies its products to Australia, Tibet, Ghana, etc. (n.d.) Establishing a company in a foreign country is a risk. It isnt confirmed whether the company will work or not. There may or maynt be the market for the product that you are going to launch. Similarly, there might also be a problem with the tax, wages and law since the law of one country varies from another and the change in law can occur anytime. Likely, the cultural and language barrier also creates problem while launching a product as the company doesnt know what the local prefers. (Goodman 2015). Recruitment is the process where the organisation seeks for the new employee through the forms and cv that are applied by the candidates. Recruitment can either be internal or external. Internal recruitment takes place within an organisation whereas in external recruitment company brings new staffs by following up certain procedures such as job analysis, job description, job advertisement, etc. (Anon 2017). Selection is the process where right candidates are picked from the list of applicants through different methods such as: testing, gathering information and interview. A candidate is selected after he/she clears all the track races of the selection process. During the selection process, a person should neither be underqualified nor overqualified for the applied post. Hence, they will be placed a misfit for the post. While the selection process it is also important to review their past experience and references (Muhammad Umer Khalid Habib 07:20:48 UTC) Along with this the recruitment and selection process is also a crucial process as the company either needs to recruit their own staff or recruit the staff from the host country of from foreign country. All of these has its own advantages and disadvantages. PCN: Parent country Nationals HCN: Host country Nationals TCN: Third Country Nationals (Gomes 2012) Talking about the recruitment procedure of Khajurico Nepal Pvt. Ltd., currently in Nepal KNPL follows the strategic HR planning of NTBI (National Banking Training Institute) which adheres the following principle: Fair and Transparent Recruitment Competence knowledge, skills and attitude of the candidates Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) External and Internal sources The Recruitment procedure of KNPL: In order to recruit their staffs KNPL follows the following procedure; Sources of Recruitment So as to hire and fill the vacant position KNPL follows the following methods; Advertisement in a National daily newspaper. Advertisement in the Company web site / notice board. External job web sites Outsourcing. Through Talent Hunt and the Company data base (already collected CVs) Any vacant position shall also be full filled internally from the existing pool of staff without going for external vacancy announcement. However, this shall be done on a strong recommendation from the line manager based on the staff performance and upon approval from the Chairman / Chief Executive. In case of all hires within the Chairmans authority, this will be formally notified to the board for information and ratification. Usually, during the selection of candidate the head of HRD submits the evaluation sheet to the CEO which indicates the names of candidates, marks obtained by them in both written and interview and the total score. And through that sheet the CEO makes further appointment. If any of the recommended candidate is unavailable for the appointment, then the next candidate will be appointed. However, it is upon the CEO on how to select the candidate for vacant position. Hence, the appointment will be disqualified and will not be appointed in the institute if; If he/she is below 18 years of age. If he/she is medically unfit. If he/she has had previous employment terminated on grounds of lack of integrity, honesty, misuse of funds and pilferage. If he/she is convicted by a competent court on criminal charge, involving imprisonment of more than six months. If he/she is a foreign national except on conditions approved by the Board with permission of the Labour Department of Government of Nepal. Achieving high performance from the new employees Whether the company is established at home country or a host country it is obvious that they expect high performance from their staffs individually. And in order to achieve a good performance certain steps should be taken which are explained below; Induction/orientation: Induction/orientation is the process of letting the new employees to get adapted towards their new working place. In this phase, the new recruited employees are introduced to their workplace, their work colleagues and their role in that organisation. Usually, every company does an induction/ orientation programme since every candidate has their own prospective (Anon 2016c). In every organisation the induction usually take place in the first day where all the information regarding the company and business code of conduct are provided to the employees. Training: Training is the process of providing extra knowledge, skills, attitudes or social behaviour to the staffs so as to perform the job more efficiently, effectively and skilfully as per the trend and technological change in the market. Since, training takes lots of effort and time, it is very important for an organisation to think regarding the need and objective while providing training to their staffs since high qualified professionals are used.(Anon 2016a) Coaching: Coaching is a technique where the managers act as a coach and guides its sub-ordinated through their experience and knowledge. (Anon 2016b). Coaching can also be defined as a facility that is given by the higher level to their subordinates so as to help them to achieve their goals, develop their own personal strategy and improve their efficiency of doing the work (SEGERS et al. 2011). Hence, it is the way of achieving through daily feedbacks and communication of the staffs. Performance Review: Performance review helps keep track of all the activities and achievements of the employees, thus helping employees stay motivated. Periodic performance review helps employees know how they are doing in terms of their performance and motivates them to do better. It also helps them understand their weakness and how they should improve them. Thus, performance review helps in achieving high performance. Hence, performance = employee ability, motivation and opportunity to participate. (Boselie et al. 2005) Rewards: Rewards are the benefits that an employee deserves after his/her excellent performance in an organisation. Rewards can either be financially or non-financially, financial reward includes salary increment, bonus, allowance, etc. whereas non-financial reward includes accommodation, insurance, etc. Every employee joins an organisation with an expectation of getting reward as per their performance(2017).However, these include linkages with performance expectations in: Positive terms (merit review) Neutral consequences (lateral reassignment to improve person/job match) Negative outcomes such as progressively stronger counselling sessions Succession Planning: It is an implication that identifies the problems, reviews it and works on the problems along with their best employees so as to meet performance expectations for a job different from the one she/he currently holds with greater responsibility. It helps to boosts its employee morale by providing them the position as their performance. Hence, succession planning is done so as to fill the vacant position. (Anon 2016d) Career Development Programs: Career Development Program is carried out by every organisations so as to develop individual capability so as to achieve their future goal and career. Since it fulfils the requirement of both employee and organisation it has been an important need for both of the parties.(Anon 2015) An effective Career Development Program: Is critical for the retention of superior performers. Builds internal bench strength, reduces costs associated with outside hires, and maintains continuity in overall performance of the organization. Today, as per the change in the economic, cultural, environmental and political status, it is a challenging thing for any organisation to establish as well as maintain a goal to achieve an affective commitment from their new employees. According to Sayeed (1989) the personal character, role related factors and structural factors are the board antecedents of organisations commitment. Allen et al. (1990) says that organisational commitment is either affective or emotional attachment towards the organisation. (Kumari Afroz 2013) In this technological era, it has brought up many changes in the working environment of the people. People not only seek good working condition but also seek higher income, benefits, commitment, etc. So as to get achieve a commitment from their employee an organisation needs to fulfil every employee needs. However, a company can achieve an affective commitment through its employee by their employees psychological state such as; (Anon n.d.) (Jaaron 2009) Affective Commitment Continuance Commitment Normative Commitment Affective commitment: It is the emotional attachment of an employee towards its organisation. Here, he/she doesnt fear of any losses but strictly follows the company rules and regulations and states the organisations goals and objective. Continuance Commitment: Some employee fears that by leaving the job they might face problems such as low salary, pension, low allowance, working environment, etc. due to which they get stuck to their job thinking that their change in job might create trouble in their life. Hence, these type of commitment is more seen in higher level staff as they are already established in the particular company and fear to lose the position. Normative Commitment: It is a thinking of the employee that he must work in the organisation. Here, he/she feels that it is their responsibility to work in that organisation. There might be several reasons of an employee to have such commitment such as the company might reward them by paying their education or it might be their own perception to do so. However, it is very much important for an organisation to gain the commitment from their employees so as to increase their level of quality and performance. Culture is the characteristic of particular group of people that belongs to certain part of religion, place and language (Zimmermann et al. 2015). A culture may vary from the people of same or different country. For an organisation, it is a must to understand the culture of the host country and should be sociable with the consumers. They should be updated regarding the potentialÂÂ   business challenges to overcome the competitive market. Following can be the issues on cross cultural management; (PGPExecutive 2015) Ambiguity: People have their own way of thinking, doing, talking or seeing. A word can have several meanings, for example a person can utter a word that might be the same language as of the another but the other person might take it differently which increases misunderstanding between the people. Likely, every culture has its own unique value, and might be reluctant in adapting new culture in the host country. Hence, ambiguity creates an incorrect perspective within an information that one wants to deliver to the listener. Inflexible attitude: There are some people who go to the host country and hesitate to participate in their culture which gives an impression that they are not comfortable with the environment that the host country is providing. Showing this kind of behaviour will hamper the person rather than the host because he/she is the one to lose the team and destroy the relationship of the business with the host country. Ethnocentrism: It is the perception of the people where they think that their own culture is correct. Even though these kinds of people are sent to the host country they dont try to accept the new culture. Rather, they start judging the host countries culture on the basis of their own culture. However, these issues can be corrected by following: By understanding the communication style of host culture By understanding the cultural values By developing the right competencies It is obvious that an organisation faces challenges during their working period. There are several challenges that Khajurico Nepal Pvt. Ltd. should follow up; Customer demography: Customer demography denotes the age, sex, gender, income, race, status, etc. which helps the organisation to target their customer. KNPL should not only understand the demography of the customers but also needs to understand what exactly the company needs to do inorder to maintain relation with their potential customer (Staff 2017) Working culture: The working culture of an organisation may vary from its host country. Working culture is the surrounding of the company on how the company treats their employees and how their employee follows the principles and guidelines of the organisation. An organisation having a good working culture directly influences the staffs to work well with their colleagues. (Anon n.d.) Political Issue: The political issues can both be internal and external. External issues include the following; (Contributor 2015) Governments tax policy which can fluctuate at any given time affecting the companys targeted profit, goals and objectives. Corruption Effects of pressure groups leading to change in governments policy which might affect the production. Trade control Hence, if such issues occurs KNPL should either ask for compensation with the host country or purchase political risk insurance ( it doesnt guarantee that the company will get its compensation through insurance as soon as the event occurs) (Phung 2006). The internal issues occur within the organisation. It might include the following; Strike by trade unions for not meeting their demands Autocracy Disregarding employee performance because of the fear of being replaced by top leaders. Hence, if the internal issue occurs KNPL should organise frequent meeting between the staffs and the management, equal opportunities should be given as per their level of performance and the management should have a flexible approach towards the employees feedback.

Katherine Mansfields Six Years After :: essays papers

Katherine Mansfield's Six Years After In the short story ‘Six Years After’ written by Katherine Mansfield. There are many stereotypes (mostly aimed at men) and role-playing (played by men). When it comes to men and women, men are always the ones taking care of things or being ridiculed. In this essay I will prove that role-playing is what the author is trying to point out as the key theme in this short story. The steward plays the role of a host type of character. He was doing everything he could do in his power to make this couple as comfortable as possible. He went out of his way to put up chairs where there was available shelter, and tried to place them in a spot with the least amount of smell as possible. Another example of role-playing in this novel is when the Husband goes to tip the steward for his excellent work. The husband’s wife tries to tell him what kind of money he should tip the steward, but the husband just listens and tips what he thought the steward should get. This is a classic example of the man being in charge as the man of the house. The man has to show everybody that he is in charge and what he does goes. After the husband tips the steward, he asks his wife if she thinks that is a good tip. The wife simply agrees. When the wife does this it reinforces the husband’s ego of being the one in charge. On the third page of this story, the wife makes fun of her husband by telling him that his hat makes her snicker. She tells him that he looks like a burglar. obviously he was not very amused. He tries to justify his hat by telling her that the hat that he was wearing is one of the best hats he has ever owned. He also mentions that the hat had very rich white satin lining. He believed that this was the hats better attribute. He then took off his hat and then made her touch the lining. Regardless of the fact that the hat made his wife snicker, he turns the conversation around and tries to convince her that the hat is nice. That is lined with very rich white satin. Surely it must be good! â€Å"how often had she rubbed between finger and thumb his coat, his shirt cuff, tie, sock, linen handkerchief† this quote shows that the husband is always doing this when his wife makes a comment about something.

How the Stock Market Crash of 1929 Affected the United States Essay

The year of 1929 is marked by the Stock Market Crash in which most consider to be the beginning of the Great Depression. This was not the sole cause of the Great Depression, though. The Stock Market Crash was caused by an economy that was not stable enough to handle the high stock prices. The Stock Market Crash helped bring on the Great Depression which forced the United States government to make changes in the regulation of stock exchanges, providing much greater protection for investors. The United States was a young nation and was not always as powerful as it is now or was in 1929. The United States was formed from European citizens who wanted to start their lives over. So the United States had relatively little money compared to the financial status of the rest of the world. London at the time was considered the center of finance. The United States borrowed money from England and other countries to spur its industry. By 1960 it seemed that the United States would inevitably be the world’s most important business and financial power. The Civil War provided a boost for industry, which jump-started the gradual shift of financial power from London to New York. The United States had a valuable asset in the form of land. â€Å"The United States was forced to develop itself before it could worry about competing with the world. Hence, the amount of capital was far greater once available to be spent outside the United States. The year of 1914 can be considered the point at which the United States would never be second in the world again.† (Axon, 32) Europe was stricken with war and the United States was turned to for supplies. The â€Å"wealthy European countries were ravaged by war because of casualties, economic losses, and expensed of war over four years.† (Axon, 33) The United States only was in the war for a year and did not have its country damaged by the war. The United States emerged from World War I being owed billions of dollars for having financed most of the war and was acknowledged to be the leader of the Western world. The early 1920s were a time of booming industry, of soaring hope and confidence. The ups and downs of the stock market were hardly noticed by the average American. The average American was more concerned with their daily life than the state of the stock market. The economy was such that many new products and services were available to almost everyone, including the automobile, radios, and other products for the home. The stock market was controlled by professionals that worked for large firms who had good financial backing which made it easier to use the market advantageously. Small investors were never shut out of Wall Street but the professionals paid for stock tips and also rigged the market so that certain stocks would rise and fall. This gave small investors a much harder time in making money through the stock market. As the market began to grow more small investors entered the game and were really just gambling their money. Most were not successful but some got lucky or got a good stock tip and rode the rising market until they lost their money too with the Stock Market Crash. At this time nobody had any reason to believe that the stock market would not keep rising. â€Å"Throughout the 1920s a long boom took stock prices to peaks never before seen. From 1920 to 1929 stocks more than quadrupled in value. Many investors became convinced that stocks were a sure thing and borrowed heavily to invest more money in the market.† (PBS) As the market grew, the stock market became a way of life and was a highly discussed topic among common Americans who were eager to get a piece of the pie. Americans no longer were connected by the common bond of making a life for themselves like at the birth of the nation. The 1920s were an era of revolution in ideas, beliefs, inventions, and ways of living. â€Å"The nation was totally different after World War I than before. The United States experimented with Prohibition. The Jazz age rose from the streets of Harlem, NY. Women got the right to vote. The whole of society was convinced that anything was possible, not only in the stock market and finances, but also in every facet of life.† (Sherrow, 12) Most of this is taken for granted now because what was considered a new idea seems commonplace and because the Stock Market Crash of 1929 overshadowed the great improvements in society. Society’s attitude affected Wall Street, though. The large investing firms thought that the government should not be allowed to interfere with the speculation of finances. This is a common feeling when the economy is booming, that the government is always trying to oppress. The exact opposite is seen when the economy is in a depression and everyone turns to the government for help. The federal government was very limited in its control of the market and could not impose new control efforts at the time because the nation would not agree. As we know now, the stock market would have been better off if the government would have stepped in when the stock market became dangerously high. One of the main causes for the stock market to become dangerous was because large firms or groups of individuals practiced unfair techniques when buying and selling stocks. This was known as â€Å"rigging† the market. The stock market flows more smoothly through normal buying and selling activity but when certain groups tried to make money in an unfair way they hurt others in the process which concentrated capital. Large pools could control prices more than was healthy for the stock market. Some made fortunes others lost everything. An example was â€Å"a cigar stock at the time was selling for $115 a share. The market collapsed. I got a call from the company president. Could I loan him $200 million?† (Blaszczyk and Scranton, 337) To the public, the stock market seemed as though it would surely make them money, and were buying. The craze was a â€Å"frenzied finance that made Ponzi look like an amateur. (Blaszczyk and Scranton, 337) The insiders were controlling the market though, setting the stage for the greatest crash of all time. The booming economy in the United States was not typical of the whole world. England had its share of problems concerning currency. The people wanted gold to again be used as it was before the war. They felt that it was a valuable metal and provided a solid backing for currency. The British government finally agreed, after a lot of pressure, to re-instate the gold standard but it was a new version where gold would be used to back up paper money and gold would be used to handle international debts. The pound was put into use, which created a problem. The pound was overvalued in terms of other currencies meaning that people had to pay more to by British goods. Naturally, people bought goods elsewhere to avoid the currency exchange rate of the pound. Instead of realizing what was happening, the British tried to lower the price, which in turn lowered wages and caused strikes to break out in England around 1926. German’s were not better off. Of course their country was destroyed physically by war, but the financial system was very poor at this time in Germany. Germany was forced to pay reparations according to the Treaty of Versailles plus the inflation was so bad that German currency was absolutely worthless. The German public was enraged about this and the fact that they lost a lot of what they considered their land because of the war. The new government installed in Germany after the war called the Weimar republic was a democracy. The German public could not adjust to this making governmental intervention a difficult task. France and the rest of Europe faced the same effects. Inflation was uncontrolled and the political systems were thrown into upheaval. Since the United States was so financially secure at this time, countries like Britain and France naturally asked for assistance. They appealed to the Federal Reserve Board to make cuts in interest rates in the United States. This would make the United States less attractive to investors and would maybe cause investment in Europe instead. By increasing the money supply in the United States, the dollar would be worth less and make American goods more expensive while lowering the price of foreign goods. At this time the United States thought that this would not benefit it at this time. After all, the economy was booming, nearly everyone was working, people were making money from the stock market, and life was generally pleasant. Taking actions that would have hurt the United States would not have been appreciated by businessmen and normal citizens as well. The United States paid little attention to these pleas. There has always been talk that if the Federal Reserve Board would have stepped in that there would have been no boom in speculation, greatly reducing the risk of a crash. The argument against this is the fact that the Federal Reserve Banking system has little control of the economy, but can only make changes spurring growth or decline. Other theories put the blame on foreign countries too. One allegation states that stock speculation and â€Å"gambling† the market was a trait the United States adopted from Europe. However, the get rich quick attitude of Americans is just as great as the Europeans. The California Gold Rush and the Florida Real Estate Boom prove this. The United States Government can still consume most of the blame. At that day and age, it was hard to expect economists to predict exactly what would happen with the stock market rising so rapidly. They could have realized that it was a dangerous situation. The government felt too threatened by  business. When the government stepped in businessmen, bankers, and society in general criticized them for trying to take action when none was deemed necessary. By 1928 the stock market had reached the point of no return. The stock market fluctuated greatly and the risk of the stock market became greater. The rigging of stocks became so common that people of great esteem thought nothing wrong of manipulating stocks in way that actually defrauded the public. By† the inevitability of a market collapse was upon the United States but nobody expected that a full-fledged business depression was to come about because of it.† (Axon, 47) At this time three million shares were traded each day. Slowly it rose to four and five million shares per day. By November 1928 a daily volume of six million shares was reached. It must be realized that industrial stocks rose at a normal rate at this time, approximately growing by a third. The individual stocks are what marked disaster. For example, the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) grew an unheard of 400 percent in 1928. In 1929 the stock market continued to grow at a dangerous pace. People borrowed money at high interest rates figuring to make enough in the stock market to cover the interest and still profit greatly. With people concentrating so much energy in the stock market, few realized that production could not keep up with the stock market. The automobile and construction industries had a small decline but people disregarded it as normal. Few Americans decided to sell-out for a profit. Most refused to believe the boom was coming to a halt. Stock market prices were now driven up by the sheer power of speculative demand. In other words, there was nothing concrete to back up the stock prices. By mid-October, the stock market was in a bad state. No major boom could revive the quality stocks that took a sharp dive. Fear began to take the place of greed in Wall Street. The word â€Å"sell† was now heard more than the word â€Å"buy†. Brokers asked for more margins or more cash from the customer to be paid into their accounts. The customers, of course, could not afford it and the brokers sold the stock. This pushed stock prices even lower. Everyone began banking the large operators on Wall Street would step in because they had much more to lose than the small investor. The problem was that they could not afford to because they were already in trouble because of the sharp decline in their stocks. October 24, 1929 was called Black Thursday because this hope was squashed and stock prices plummeted. Even after this there was still some hope. That same day, bankers moved in trying to restore some of the mess. They were trying to restore some of the optimism in the market. This was not the case as the following Monday, October 28, 1929, the market was flooded with selling orders. The big bankers were no longer there because they were in their own trouble. The people that were hurt the most are those that put their whole lives into the stock market and now walked the streets, stunned about their losses. â€Å"Some of the more badly declining stocks from 1929 to 1933 are as follows: Consolidated Cigar common stock fell from $115 to $3. General Foods dropped from $82 to less than $20. General Motors fell from $91 to less than $8. US Steel dropped drastically from $261 to just over $21. The railroad stocks were hit the hardest. The New York Central Railroad alone fell to $9 from $256.† (Klingaman, 111) The Stock Market Crash of 1929 marked a new era that was not immediately realized. Just as the rising stock market had provided industry with the capital to expand, the falling market caused industry to move into recession.